The partial nephrectomy procedure can be performed using open surgery, laparoscopic surgery, or through a partial nephrectomy robotic surgery. 

Open Surgery

Open surgery for partial nephrectomy involves making a larger incision, typically on the side or front of the abdomen, to access the kidney directly. This traditional method allows the surgeon to have direct access and a clear, unobstructed view of the kidney and surrounding structures. The larger incision provides ample space for the surgeon to carefully remove the tumour and ensure a complete excision while preserving as much healthy kidney tissue as possible. Larger or more complex tumours, where precise manual control and tactile feedback are essential, often choose this approach, despite its potential for greater invasiveness, longer recovery time, and increased postoperative pain.

Laparoscopic Surgery 

During laparoscopic surgery for partial nephrectomy, the surgeon makes several small incisions in the abdomen to insert specialised surgical tools and a camera. This minimally invasive approach allows the surgeon to perform the procedure with the help of a video monitor, which provides a magnified view of the kidney and surrounding tissues. The smaller incisions result in less trauma to the body, leading to reduced postoperative pain and a quicker recovery time compared to open surgery. The precision of laparoscopic instruments helps in meticulous dissection and removal of the tumour while preserving healthy kidney tissue. This technique is particularly advantageous for patients with smaller tumours and those seeking a faster return to normal activities.

Robotic-Assisted Surgery 

This technique is a type of laparoscopic surgery that uses robotic systems for improved precision, flexibility, and control. During the procedure, the surgeon isolates the kidney, clamps the blood vessels to control bleeding, and removes the tumour along with a margin of healthy tissue. The remaining kidney tissue is then sutured back together. The robotic system provides the surgeon with high-definition 3D visualisation and improved dexterity, allowing for precise dissection and suturing. This approach minimises trauma to the kidney and surrounding tissues, leading to less blood loss, reduced pain, and quicker recovery times. Partial nephrectomy robotic surgery is particularly beneficial in complex cases where preserving kidney function is crucial.