Dietary Approaches to Preventing and Treating Kidney Stones

Kidney stones are hard deposits of minerals and salts that form in the kidneys, causing significant pain and potential complications. They come in various types, primarily calcium oxalate, calcium phosphate, uric acid, and struvite stones. Effective kidney stone treatment in Singapore requires understanding each type and specific dietary considerations for prevention. Let’s take a look at some dietary considerations as recommended by our urologists in Singapore to support your urinary system and overall well-being. 

Understanding Kidney Stones

1. with oxalate in the urine.
2. Calcium phosphate stones: Formed in alkaline urine and are often associated with certain metabolic conditions.
3. Uric acid stones: Develop when urine is consistently acidic.
4. Struvite stones: Typically form in response to an infection.
5. Cystine stones: Formed when a type of amino acid called cystine build up in your urine, due to an inherited defect.

Dietary Approaches to Prevention and Treatment  

Hydration: The most crucial step in kidney stone treatment and prevention is to stay well-hydrated. Drinking ample water helps dilute the substances in urine that cause stones. Aim for at least 2 to 3 litres of water a day, or more if you live in a humid climate or exercise frequently. 

Calcium intake: Contrary to popular belief, dietary calcium is essential in the treatment and prevention of kidney stones. It binds with oxalate in the intestines, reducing the amount that reaches the kidneys. Include calcium-rich foods like dairy products, fortified plant milks, and leafy greens. 

Oxalate management: Reducing oxalate intake can help prevent calcium oxalate stones. Foods high in oxalate include spinach, rhubarb, beets, nuts, chocolate, and tea. Pairing oxalate-rich foods with calcium-rich foods during meals can help mitigate the risk by allowing oxalate to bind with calcium in the gut.

Limit Sodium: High sodium intake can increase calcium in the urine, raising the risk of calcium stones. Limit processed foods, fast food, and added salt. Aim for no more than 2,300 mg of sodium per day, and ideally 1,500 mg for those at risk of kidney stones.

Protein moderation: High animal protein intake can increase uric acid levels and reduce citrate, a chemical in urine that helps prevent stone formation. Limit consumption of red meat, poultry, and fish, and consider incorporating more plant-based proteins like beans and lentils. 

Citrate-rich foods: Citrate helps prevent stone formation by binding with calcium in the urine. Consuming foods high in citrate, such as lemons, limes, and other citrus fruits, can be beneficial. Drinking lemonade made with real lemon juice (and minimal sugar) is a tasty way to increase citrate intake. 

Avoid excessive vitamin C: High doses of vitamin C supplements can increase oxalate levels in the urine, thus potentially leading to stone formation. Therefore, stick to the recommended daily amounts in your diet and consult with a healthcare provider before taking supplements. 

Limit sugar and high-fructose corn syrup: Sugar and high-fructose corn syrup can increase kidney stone risk. Limit sugary beverages and processed foods with added sugars. Opt for whole fruits over fruit juices to keep your sugar intake in check. 

Summary

Diet plays a vital role in managing kidney stone symptoms and  treatment. By adopting healthy dietary habits such as staying hydrated, balancing calcium and oxalate intake, reducing sodium and animal protein, and incorporating citrate-rich foods, individuals can significantly reduce their risk of developing kidney stones. These practical strategies not only help in preventing the initial formation but also reduce the likelihood of recurrence, contributing to overall kidney health and well-being. For kidney stones removal in Singapore or for any other urological enquiries including kidney cancer, speak to one of our urologists at Assure Urology and Robotic Centre.