Advances in Surgical Techniques for Nephrectomy in Kidney Cancer Patients

Nephrectomy, the surgical removal of a kidney, is a common treatment for kidney cancer. Over the past few decades, surgical techniques have significantly improved outcomes for patients undergoing this procedure. These procedures aim to enhance recovery, minimise complications, and better preserve kidney function, thus improving the overall quality of life for patients with kidney cancer in Singapore. 

There are two main types of nephrectomy surgeries:

• Partial nephrectomy – Where only the tumour with/without a small margin of healthy tissue are removed. This has become increasingly common for patients with localised kidney cancer.

• Radical nephrectomy – Involves the removal of the entire kidney with a section of the ureter with/without the adrenal gland by a surgeon. In a procedure called nephroureterectomy, the surgeon may also remove the whole ureter (the tube that connects the kidney to the bladder), including a small part of the bladder. This is usually done for a certain subtype of kidney cancer or cancer of the ureter.

This article will examine the most recent developments in nephrectomy surgical techniques, their effects on those with kidney cancer symptoms, and how these two types of procedures are performed. 

Minimally Invasive Techniques

One of the most notable developments in nephrectomy is the widespread adoption of minimally invasive techniques, such as laparoscopic and robotic-assisted surgery. Traditional open surgery, which involves a large incision, has been largely supplanted by these techniques that require only small incisions. However, traditional open surgery is still used on a case-to-case basis. 

Laparoscopic nephrectomy, which involves the use of a camera and specialised instruments inserted through small incisions, offers numerous benefits. Patients typically experience less postoperative pain, shorter hospital stays, and minimal downtime compared to open surgery.

Robotic-assisted laparoscopic nephrectomy is another minimally invasive method. This technique utilises a robotic system controlled by the surgeon, offering enhanced dexterity and precision. The robot’s articulated instruments and high-definition 3D vision allow for more meticulous dissection and suturing, which is particularly beneficial in complex cases. Studies have shown that robotic-assisted surgery can reduce blood loss, lower the risk of complications, and improve functional outcomes compared to traditional laparoscopic surgery.

Open Surgery 

Despite the advancements in minimally invasive techniques, open surgery still plays a critical role in nephrectomy, particularly for certain complex cases. Open surgery involves a larger incision, providing the surgeon with direct access to the kidney and surrounding structures. This approach is often necessary for removing large tumours, or when the cancer has spread to nearby tissues and organs. While recovery time is typically longer and the risk of complications may be higher compared to minimally invasive methods, open surgery can be a viable option in achieving complete tumour removal and managing advanced kidney cancer symptoms.

Contact Assure Urology and Robotic Centre 

Assure Urology and Robotic Centre is a facility dedicated to providing nephrectomy procedures. Our team of surgeons and urologists utilises the latest minimally invasive and robotic-assisted techniques to ensure optimal outcomes. We are committed to offering personalised care and comprehensive support throughout the treatment journey. For those seeking care for kidney cancer treatment or kidney stones treatment, contact Assure Urology and Robotic Centre to learn more about our surgical options and patient care.