第 4 阶段 — the cancer cells from the penis have spread to nearby tissues such as the scrotum, prostate, pubic bone, or to the lymph nodes in the groin or pelvis. It also describes cancer cells that have spread to other parts of the body, such as the lung, liver, or bone (distant metastasis).
Ultraviolet light for the treatment of dermatological conditions such as psoriasis. Men with a skin disease called psoriasis may be treated with ultraviolet light and medications called Sporalene. This treatment has been associated with a higher risk of penile cancer, and men being treated now have their genitals covered during treatment.